Use of silicone fluids as insecticides

ABSTRACT

Compositions and methods for treating and preventing arthropod infestation are disclosed. A method of treating an arthropod infestation in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering topically to the subject an effective amount of either an insecticidal composition consisting essentially of at least one essential oil and a pentacyclosiloxane or an insecticidal composition comprising at least one essential oil, a pentacyclosiloxane, and a mineral oil.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.61/922,953, filed on Jan. 2, 2014. The entire teachings of the aboveapplication are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Many insects, such as bed bugs, lice, fleas, ticks, mosquitos, mites,ants, termites, and cockroaches, may infest the bodies and homes ofhumans and animals. The bite of these insects may cause the infestedsubject to scratch and break the skin, allowing bacteria to enter thebody and possibly causing a serious bacterial infection. In otherinstances, these and other insects may cause structural harm to homesand buildings as well as cause unsightliness to humans.

To treat or prevent infestation, many people rely on insecticides andinsect repellents. Numerous insecticides and insect repellents now existon the market. Unfortunately, these options suffer from two notableshortcomings. First, many chemicals used in insecticides and repellentsare also highly toxic to wildlife, and widespread use of theseinsecticides can create significant environmental and health hazards.

Second, insects may develop a resistance to an insecticide by producinglarge amounts of enzymes, such as esterases which either break down theinsecticide molecule or bind to it so tightly that it cannot function.Alternatively, insects may mutate at the insecticide target site, whichwill block the action of the insecticide. Consequently, somecommercially available insecticides rely on adding a secondaryinsecticide to the composition to hinder insect adaptation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Currently, there is still a need for an insecticide that does not sufferfrom the above-identified shortcomings.

In an example embodiment, the present invention is a method of treatingan arthropod infestation in a subject in need thereof, the methodcomprising administering topically to the subject an effective amount ofan insecticidal composition consisting essentially of at least oneessential oil and a pentacyclosiloxane represented by formula (I):

In another embodiment, the present invention is a method of treating anarthropod infestation in a subject in need thereof, the methodcomprising administering topically to the subject an effective amount ofan insecticidal composition consisting essentially of at least oneessential oil, a pentacyclosiloxane represented by formula (I):

and a mineral oil.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a method of killing anarthropod at a target site, the method comprising applying, e.g., in theform of a spray or as a fogging formulation, to the target site aneffective amount of an insecticidal composition consisting essentiallyof at least one essential oil and a pentacyclosiloxane represented byformula (I):

In another embodiment, the present invention is a method of killing anarthropod at a target site, the method comprising applying, e.g., in theform of a spray or as a fogging formulation, to the target site aneffective amount of an insecticidal composition consisting essentiallyof at least one essential oil, a pentacyclosiloxane represented byformula (I):

and a mineral oil.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a method of treating anarthropod infestation in a subject in need thereof, the methodcomprising administering topically to the subject an effective amount ofan insecticidal composition consisting essentially of at least oneessential oil, a pentacyclosiloxane represented by formula (I):

andwherein the insecticidal composition does not include cedar oil or neemoil.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a method of treating anarthropod infestation in a subject in need thereof, the methodcomprising administering topically to the subject an effective amount ofan insecticidal composition consisting essentially of at least oneessential oil, a pentacyclosiloxane represented by formula (I):

anda mineraloil, and wherein the insecticidal composition does not includecedar oil or neem oil.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a method of killing anarthropod at a target site, the method comprising applying to the targetsite an effective amount of an insecticidal composition consistingessentially of at least one essential oil, and a pentacyclosiloxanerepresented by formula (I):

andwherein the insecticidal composition does not include cedar oil or neemoil.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a method of killing anarthropod at a target site, the method comprising applying to the targetsite an effective amount of an insecticidal composition consistingessentially of at least one essential oil, and a pentacyclosiloxanerepresented by formula (I):

anda mineral oil, and wherein the insecticidal composition does not includecedar oil or neem oil.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a composition consistingessentially of at least one essential oil and a pentacyclosiloxanerepresented by formula (I):

In another embodiment, the present invention is a composition consistingessentially of at least one essential oil and a pentacyclosiloxanerepresented by formula (I):

anda mineral oil.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a composition consistingessentially of at least one essential oil, and a pentacyclosiloxanerepresented by formula (I):

andwherein the insecticidal composition does not include cedar oil or neemoil.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a composition consistingessentially of at least one essential oil, a pentacyclosiloxanerepresented by formula (I):

anda mineral oil, and wherein the insecticidal composition does not includecedar oil or neem oil.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a method of repelling anarthropod, the method comprising applying to a subject or surface thecomposition of any of the above embodiments in an amount sufficient torepel said arthropod.

The compositions and methods of the present invention effectively killarthropods within minutes after contact. The present invention does notrely on toxic chemicals and is safe for use directly on human or animalskin.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As used herein, the term “arthropod” refers to members of the arthropodphyllum, including insects, arachnids, and crustaceans. Examplesinclude, but are not limited to, lice, bed bugs, fleas, flies, gnats,midges, ticks, mosquitos, mites, ants, cockroaches, spiders, scorpions,termites, bees, wasps, stored product pests, carpet beetles, centipedes,crickets, drugstore beetles, earwigs, book lice, silverfish,Armadillidum Vulgare, Porcellio Laevis, and Uroblaniulus Jersey.

As used herein, the term “diluent” refers to all inert vehicles,carriers, excipients, or solvents added to a composition to provide,without limitation, bulk, consistency, stability, binding ability,lubrication, etc., to the composition. Multiple diluents may be mixedtogether if desired.

As used herein, an “effective amount” refers to an amount of an agent ora combination of agents that is sufficient to treat, control, or preventthe undesired condition, such as, infestation by arthropods. Examples ofeffective amounts of the cyclic polysiloxane described herein for use ona surface, including human or animal skin, range from about 0.05 fl.oz/in² to about 0.1 fl. oz/in². Examples of effective amounts for use ina target volume range from about 6 fl. oz/1,000 ft³ to about 10 fl.oz/1,000 ft³.

As used herein, an “essential oil” refers to a concentrated hydrophobicliquid compound extracted from plants. Examples include, but are notlimited to, aloe vera oil, allspice oil, anisum oil, basil oil, cajeputoil, catnip oil, cedar oil, chrysanthemum oil, cinnamon oil, citronellaoil, clove oil, eucalyptus oil, garlic oil, geranium oil, lavender oil,marjoram oil, melaleuca oil, neem oil, pennyroyal oil, peppermint oil,pine oil, rosemary oil, sage oil, spearmint oil, thyme oil or any othermembers of the mint (Lamiaceae or Labiatae) family, tea-tree oil,vanilla oil, and verbena oil.

As used herein, an “insecticide” refers to a compound or compositionused to kill, control, or prevent the growth of arthropods.

As used herein, a “mineral oil” refers to a refined hydrocarbon oilwithout animal or vegetable additives and can include aliphatic,napthenic, aromatic, and/or paraffinic components.

As used herein, a “repellent” refers to a compound or composition whichreduces or eliminates voluntary contact of an arthropod with a surfaceon which the composition is present in comparison to a surface on whichthe composition is absent. As used herein, the term “repelling” refersto application of a compound or composition which reduces or eliminatesvoluntary contact of an arthropod with a surface on which thecomposition is present in comparison to a surface on which thecomposition is absent.

As used herein, the term “subject” refers to a mammal, for example ahuman, but can also mean an animal in need of veterinary treatment,e.g., companion animals (e.g., dogs, cats, and the like), farm animals(e.g., cows, sheep, pigs, horses, and the like), and laboratory animals(e.g., rats, mice, guinea pigs, and the like).

As used herein, a “target site” refers to a location suitable forapplying an insecticide or repellent.

As used herein, the term “topical” refers a mode of application of acomposition whereby the composition is applied to any external parts ofa mammal, such as humans, horses, cats, and dogs, and includes skin andhair.

As used herein, the terms “treating,” “treat,” or “treatment” describethe management and care of a subject for the purpose of combating acondition and includes administration of a therapeutic agent or acombinations of therapeutic agents to alleviate or eliminate thesymptoms of a condition.

As used herein, the term “bed bugs” refers to members of the genusCimex, including, for example, members of the species Cimex Lectularius,and Cimex Hemipterus.

As used herein, the term “termite” refers to members of the orderIsoptera, including, for example, members of the species Reticulitermesflavipes, Reticulitermes virginicus, Reticulitermes tibialis,Reticulitermes hesperus, Reticulitermes humilis, Incisitermes minor, andMarginitermes hubbardi.

As used herein, the term “cockroach” refers to members of the orderBlattodea, including, for example, members of the species Blatellagermanica, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta brunnea, and Blattaorientalis.

As used herein, the term “ant” refers to members of the familyFormicidae, including, for example, members of the species Monomoriumminimum, Camponotus herculeanus pennsylvanicus, Wasmannia auropunctata,Iridomyrmex humilis, and Monomorium pharaonis.

As used herein, the term “lice” refers to members of the orderPhthiraptera, including, for example, members of the species Pediculuscapitis, Pediculus humanus, and Pthirus pubis.

As used herein, the term “flea” refers to members of the familyPulicidae, including, for example, members of the speciesCtenocephalides felis, Ctenocephalides canis, and Pulex irritans.

As used herein, the term “mosquito” refers to members of the familyCulicidae, including, for example, members of the species Culex pipiens,Aedes aegypti, and Andopheles quadrimaculatus.

As used herein, the term “mite” refers to members of the familyAcaridae, including, for example, members of the species Acarus siro,Tyrophagus longior, and Glycyphagus domesticus.

As used herein, the term “tick” refers to members of the orders Ixodidaand Parasitiformis, including, for example, members of the speciesRhipicephalus sanguineus, Ixodes cookei, Ornithodoros hermsi, andDermacentor variabilis.

As used herein, the terms “flies” “gnats,” and “midges” refer to membersof the order Diptera, including, for example, members of the speciesMusca domestica, Phormia regina, Musca autumnalis, Stomoxys calcitrans,Musca stabulans, Calliphora vomitoria, Pollenia rudis, Drosophiliamelanogaster, Scenopinus fenestralis, Culicoides mississippiensis,Psychoda pacifica, Psychoda alternate, Ceratopogonidae stellifer,Chironomus plumosus, and Phaenicia sericata.

As used herein, the terms “bees” and “wasps” refer to members of thefamilies Apidae and Vespidae, including, for example, members of thespecies Apis mellifera, Xylocopa virginica, Dolichovespula arctica, andVespula pensylvanica.

As used herein “stored product pest” refers to members of the familiesLaemophloeidae, Gelechiidae, and Nitidulidae, including, for example,members of the species Carpophilus hemipterus, Sitotroga cerealella, andCryptolestespPusillus.

As used herein, the term “carpet beetle” refers to members of the familyDermestidae, including, for example, members of the species Anthrenusscrophulariae.

As used herein, the term “centipede” refers to members of the orderScutigeromorpha, including, for example, members of the speciesScutigera coleoptrata.

As used herein, the term “cricket” refers to members of the orderOrthoptera, including, for example, members of the species Achetadomesticus.

A used herein, the term “drugstore beetle” refers to members of thefamily Anobiidae, including, for example, members of the speciesStegobium paniceum.

As used herein, the term “earwig” refers to members of the orderDermaptera, including, for example, members of the species Forficulaauricularia.

As used herein, the term “book lice” refers to members of the orderPsocoptera, including, for example, members of the species Trogiumpulsatorium.

As used herein, the term “silverfish” refers to members of the orderThysanura, including, for example, members of the species Lepismasaccharina.

As used herein, the term “spider” refers to members of the order Aranae,including, for example, members of the species Achaearanea tepidariorum,Dolomedes tenebrosus, Lycosa helluo, Coras medicinalis, Salticusscenicus, Pholcus phalangioides, and Spermophora meridionalis.

As used herein, the term “silicone fluid” refers to any liquidpolysiloxane.

As used herein, the term “polysiloxane” refers to a polymer having astructural unit of:

wherein the polymer can be linear or cyclic, the Si atom is attached toat least one organic moiety at the position indicated by “

”, and m is an integer of at least 2.

As used herein, the term “alkyl,” unless otherwise indicated, meansstraight or branched saturated monovalent hydrocarbon radicals offormula C_(p)H_(2p+1). In one embodiment, p is an integer from 1 to 18.In another embodiment, p is an integer from 1 to 12. In anotherembodiment, p is an integer from 1 to 6. Alkyl can optionally besubstituted with —OH, —SH, halogen, amino, cyano, nitro, a C₁-C₁₂ alkyl,C₁-C₁₂ haloalkyl, C₁-C₁₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₁₂ haloalkoxy, or C₁-C₁₂ alkylsulfanyl. In some embodiments, alkyl can optionally be substituted withone or more halogen, hydroxyl, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, C₁-C₁₂ alkenyl or C₁-C₁₂alkynyl group, C₁-C₁₂ alkoxy, or C₁-C₁₂ haloalkyl. The term alkyl canalso refer to cycloalkyl.

The term “cycloalkyl”, as used herein, means saturated cyclichydrocarbons, i.e. compounds where all ring atoms arc carbons. In someembodiments, a cycloalkyl comprises from 3 to 18 carbons. In otherembodiments, a cycloalkyl comprises from 3 to 6 carbons. Examples ofcycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl. Substitutions and preferredsubstitutions for cycloalkyl are defined above with respect to “alkyl.”

The term “haloalkyl,” as used herein, includes an alkyl substituted withone or more F, Cl, Br, or I, wherein alkyl is defined above.

The terms “alkoxy,” as used herein, means an “alkyl-O—” group, whereinalkyl is defined above. Examples of alkoxy groups include methoxy orethoxy groups.

The term “aryl,” as used herein, refers to a carbocyclic aromatic group.Preferably, an aryl comprises from 6 to 18 carbons. Examples of arylgroups include, but are not limited to phenyl and naphthyl. Examples ofaryl groups include optionally substituted groups such as phenyl,biphenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthracenyl, pyrenyl, fluoranthyl orfluorenyl. An aryl can be optionally substituted. Examples of suitablesubstituents on an aryl include halogen, hydroxyl, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, C₁-C₁₂alkene or C₁-C₁₂ alkyne, C₃-C₁₂ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₁₂ haloalkyl, C₁-C₁₂alkoxy, aryloxy, or a C₆-C₁₈ carbocyclic aromatic group.

The term “heteroaryl,” as used herein, refers to aromatic groupscontaining one or more heteroatoms (O, S, or N). A heteroaryl group canbe monocyclic or polycyclic, e.g., a monocyclic heteroaryl ring fused toone or more carbocyclic aromatic groups or other monocyclic heteroarylgroups. The heteroaryl groups of this invention can also include ringsystems substituted with one or more oxo moieties. Examples ofheteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, pyridinyl,pyridazinyl, imidazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyrazinyl,quinolyl, isoquinolyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl,thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl,indolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, cinnolinyl, indazolyl,indolizinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, isoindolyl, purinyl,oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, furazanyl, benzofurazanyl,benzothiophenyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl,quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, dihydroquinolyl,tetrahydroquinolyl, dihydroisoquinolyl, tetrahydroisoquinolyl,benzofuryl, furopyridinyl, pyrolopyrimidinyl, and azaindolyl.

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for treatingan arthropod infestation in a subject in need thereof or killingarthropods at a target site. In one embodiment, the methods andcompositions of the present invention include at least one polysiloxaneand an essential oil. In another embodiment, at least one polysiloxaneis a liquid cyclic polysiloxane.

In an example embodiment, the polysiloxane is a cyclic polysiloxanerepresented by formula (11):

wherein R¹ and R², each, independently, can be H, hydroxyl, anoptionally substituted C₁-C₃₀ alkyl, an optionally substituted C₃-C₃₀cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈ aryl, or an optionallysubstituted C₅-C₁₈ heteroaryl, and n is an integer from 2 to 20.

In another embodiment, R¹ and R², each, independently, can be H,hydroxyl, an optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, an optionallysubstituted C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl, n is an integer from 2 to 10.

In another embodiment, R¹ and R² are the same, and the values andspecific values of the remainder of the variables are as described withrespect to formula (II). In another embodiment, R¹ and R² are each aC₁-C₆ alkyl, n is 5.

In yet another embodiment, R¹ and R² can each be methyl, and the valuesand specific values for the remainder of the variables are as describedwith respect to formula (II).

In another embodiment, the cyclic polysiloxane is a pentacyclosiloxane,otherwise known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, represented by formula(I):

The compositions and methods of the present invention can be used forthe treatment of the infestation by arthropods, including insects,arachnids, and crustaceans. Examples of arthropods to be treated by thecompositions and methods of the present invention are lice, bed bugs,fleas, gnats, ticks, mosquitos, mites, ants, spiders, scorpions,termites, and cockroaches. In on embodiment, the compositions andmethods of the present invention can be used for the treatment of anarthropod selected from the group consisting of lice, bed bugs, fleas,flies, gnats, midges, ticks, mosquitos, mites, ants, cockroaches,spiders, scorpions, termites, bees, wasps, stored product pests, carpetbeetles, centipedes, crickets, drugstore beetles, earwigs, book lice,silverfish, Armadillidum vulgare, Porcellio laevis, and Uroblaniulusjersey.

In another embodiment the arthropod is selected from the groupconsisting of members of the order Isoptera, Blattodea, Pthiraptera,Ixodida, Parasitiformis, Diptera, Scutigeromorpha, Orthoptera,Dermaptera, Psocoptera, Thysanura, Aranae; members of the familyFormicidae, Pulicidae, Culicidae, Acaridae, Apidae, Vespidae,Laemophloeidae, Gelechiidae, Nitidulidae, Dermestidae, Anobiidae;members of the genus Cimex; and members of the species Armadillidumvulgare, Porcellio laevis, and Uroblaniulus jersey.

In another embodiment, the compositions and methods of the presentinvention can be used for the treatment of the infestation of bed bugs,such as, for examples bed bugs of the species Cimex lectularius or Cimexhemipterus In another embodiment, the compositions and methods of thepresent invention can be used for the treatment of the infestation oftermites, such as, for example, termites of the order Isoptera.

The compositions of the present invention can be applied to a subject ora target site by any method suitable for applying an insecticide orrepellent. Examples of a target site include, but are not limited to,walls, ceilings, mattresses, box springs, bed frames, bed sheets andlinens, couches, futons, chairs, door frames, bars, booths, furniture,and plants. The compositions of the present invention can also be usedto fill a void or cavity. Examples of a void or cavity include, but arenot limited to, areas inside a bar or booth, inside equipment, inside awall, under a slab, inside a tube, inside hollow furniture, behindshelving or store fixtures, or inside a drawer, drain line or piping.

In another embodiment, the compositions of the present invention can beadministered topically to a human or animal subject. Topical embodimentsof the invention include, but are not limited to, lotions, ointments,gels, creams, sprays, aerosols, solutions, emulsions, suspensions, orother forms known to one of skill in the art. See, e.g., Remington'sPharmaceutical Sciences (1980 & 1990) 16th and 18th eds., MackPublishing, Easton Pa. and Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms(1985) 4th ed., Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.

In one embodiment, the compositions of the present invention can beapplied via a hydraulic spray. A hydraulic spray converts thecompositions into droplets by forcing the compositions of the presentinvention through a spray nozzle under pressure. Examples of hydraulicsprayers include compressed air sprayers and trigger sprayers.

In another embodiment, the compositions of the present invention can beapplied as an aerosol spray. An aerosol spray mixes air into thecompositions of the present invention and uses air or a propellant toexpel the spray, resulting in smaller particle sizes. In an exampleembodiment, the particle size is about 50 microns or less. Aerosolsprays can be applied by methods or equipment including in an aerosolcan with aerosol generating equipment such as the Actisol® machine.

In other embodiments, the compositions of the present invention can beapplied as a fog via a fogging system. A fogging system disperses thecompositions of the present invention by forcing the compositionsthrough a nozzle via propellant or pressure, which converts thecompositions of the present invention into droplets. Examples of foggingsystems include aerosol spray canisters and ultra low volume (ULV)fogging machines.

In another embodiment, the compositions of the present invention may beapplied as a foam. Foams can be applied to cavities, such as those inwalls or under, behind, or in equipment or appliances. When used in avoid or cavity, the foam may also be employed to fill the void. A foammay remain or stick on a surface, including vertical surfaces or thebottom of a horizontal surface.

In some embodiments, the polysiloxane is mixed with an essential oil. Inone embodiment, the insecticidal composition comprises at least 25% byweight of a polysiloxane and up to 75% by weight of at least oneessential oil.

In another embodiment, the polysiloxane can be present in the amount of30%, 35% 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% byweight.

In another embodiment, the at least one essential oil can be present inthe amount 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%,65%, 70% by weight.

In one embodiment, the insecticidal compositions consist essentially ofa polysiloxane and at least one essential oil.

In another embodiment, the insecticidal compositions consist essentiallyof pentacyclosiloxane and at least one essential oil.

In one embodiment, the pentacyclosiloxane is present in the amount of30% to 95% by weight of the insecticidal compositions, and the at leastone essential oil is present in the amount of 5% to 70% by weight of theinsecticidal compositions.

In one embodiment, the at least one essential oil can be selected from agroup consisting of: aloe vera oil, allspice oil, anisum oil, basil oil,cajeput oil, catnip oil, cedar oil, chrysanthemum oil, cinnamon oil,citronella oil, clove oil, eucalyptus oil, garlic oil, geranium oil,lavender oil, marjoram oil, melaleuca oil, neem oil, pennyroyal oil,peppermint oil, pine oil, rosemary oil, sage oil, spearmint oil, thymeoil, tea-tree oil, vanilla oil, verbena oil or combinations thereof.

In another embodiment, the at least one essential oil can be selectedfrom a group consisting of: aloe vera oil, allspice oil, anisum oil,basil oil, cajeput oil, catnip oil, chrysanthemum oil, cinnamon oil,citronella oil, clove oil, eucalyptus oil, garlic oil, geranium oil,lavender oil, marjoram oil, melaleuca oil, neem oil, pennyroyal oil,peppermint oil, pine oil, rosemary oil, sage oil, spearmint oil, thymeoil, tea-tree oil, vanilla oil, verbena oil or combinations thereof.

In one embodiment, the at least one essential oil can be selected from agroup consisting of: aloe vera oil, allspice oil, anisum oil, basil oil,cajeput oil, catnip oil, cedar oil, chrysanthemum oil, cinnamon oil,citronella oil, clove oil, eucalyptus oil, garlic oil, geranium oil,lavender oil, marjoram oil, melaleuca oil, pennyroyal oil, peppermintoil, pine oil, rosemary oil, sage oil, spearmint oil, thyme oil,tea-tree oil, vanilla oil, verbena oil or combinations thereof.

In another embodiment, the at least one essential oil can be selectedfrom a group consisting of: aloe vera oil, allspice oil, anisum oil,basil oil, cajeput oil, catnip oil, chrysanthemum oil, cinnamon oil,citronella oil, clove oil, eucalyptus oil, garlic oil, geranium oil,lavender oil, marjoram oil, melaleuca oil, pennyroyal oil, peppermintoil, pine oil, rosemary oil, sage oil, spearmint oil, thyme oil,tea-tree oil, vanilla oil, verbena oil or combinations thereof.

In another embodiment, the at least one essential oil is selected from agroup consisting of aloe vera oil and cedar oil.

In another embodiment, the at least one essential oil is aloe vera oil.

In another embodiment, the at least one essential oil is cedar oil.

In another embodiment, the insecticidal compositions do not includecedar oil or neem oil.

In another embodiment, the insecticidal compositions comprise anessential oil, a polysiloxane, and a mineral oil. In another embodiment,the insecticidal composition comprises up to 40% by weight of a mineraloil. In another embodiment, the mineral oil can be present in the amountof 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, or 35% by weight.

In another embodiment, the at least one essential oil is present in theamount of 5% to 70% by weight of the composition, the pentacyclosiloxaneof formula (I) is present in the amount of 30% to 95% by weight of thecomposition, and the mineral oil is present in the amount of 40% or lessby weight of the composition.

In another embodiment, the insecticidal composition comprises 10% byweight of an essential oil, 70% by weight of a polysiloxane, and 20% byweight of a mineral oil.

In another embodiment, the insecticidal compositions comprise apolysiloxane, an essential oil, and an optional diluent.

In one embodiment, the diluent can be a foaming surfactant. Foamingsurfactants can be nonionic, anionic, or cationic in nature. Examples ofuseful surfactant types include, but are not limited to the following:alcohol ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylate carboxylate, amine oxides, alkylsulfates, alkyl ether sulfate, sulfonates, quaternary ammoniumcompounds, alkyl sarcosines, betains, and alkyl amides.

In one embodiment, the diluent can be an aerosol propellant. Examples ofsuitable aerosol propellants include volatile hydrocarbons such asbutane, propane, isobutane or mixtures thereof, chloro-fluoro carbons,non-ozone-depleting and fluorocarbon propellants such as1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane.

In one embodiment, the diluent can be an emollient. Emollients have asoftening or soothing effect. Examples of suitable emollients includehexyleneglycol, propylene glycol, isostearic acid derivatives, isopropylpalmitate, isopropyl isostearate, diisopropyl adipate, diisopropyldimerate, maleated soybean oil, octyl palmitate, cetyl lactate, cetylricinoleate, tocopheryl acetate, acetylated lanolin alcohol, cetylacetate, phely trimethicone, glyceryl oleate, tocopheryl linoleate,wheat germ glycerides, arachidyl propionate, myristyl lactate, decyloleate, propylene glycol ricinoleate, isopropyl lanolate,pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, neopentylglycol dicaprylate/dicaprate,isononyl isononoate, isotridecyl isononanoate, myristyl myristate,triisocetyl citrate, octyl dodecanol, sucrose esters of fatty acids,octyl hydroxystearate and mixtures thereof.

In another embodiment, the diluent can be a skin-conditioning agent.Examples of suitable skin-conditioning agents include polypropyleneglycol alkoxy ethers (PPG alkyl ethers) having the molecular formula ofRO(CH₂CHOCH₃)_(q), wherein “R” is a straight-chained or branched C₄ toC₂₂ alkyl group; and “q” is an integer from 4 to about 50. Othersuitable examples of PPG alkyl ethers include PPG stearyl ethers, PPGbutyl ether, PPG-15 stearyl ether, PPG-2 butyl ether, PPG-9-13 butylether and PPG-40 butyl ether.

In another embodiment, the diluent can be natural, animal, vegetable, orsynthetic fats and oils. Examples of suitable oils include avocado oil,linseed oil, almond oil, ibota wax, perilla oil, olive oil, cacaobutter, kapok wax, kaya oil, carnauba wax, liver oil, candelilla wax,beef tallow, neat's-foot oil, beef bone fat, hydrogenated beef tallow,apricot kernel oil, spermaceti wax, hydrogenated oil, wheat germ oil,sesame oil, rice germ oil, rice bran oil, sugar cane wax, sasanqua oil,safflower oil, shear butter, Chinese tung oil, cinnamon oil, jojoba wax,olive oil, squalane, shellac wax, turtle oil, soybean oil, tea seed oil,camellia oil, evening primrose oil, corn oil, lard, rapeseed oil,Japanese tung oil, rice bran wax, germ oil, horse fat, persic oil, palmoil, palm kernel oil, castor oil, hydrogenated castor oil, castor oilfatty acid methyl ester, sunflower oil, grape oil, bayberry wax, jojobaoil, hydrogenated jojoba ester, macadamia nut oil, beeswax, mink oil,cottonseed oil, cotton wax, Japanese wax, Japanese wax kernel oil,montan wax, coconut oil, hydrogenated coconut oil, tri-coconut oil fattyacid glyceride, mutton tallow, peanut oil, lanolin, liquid lanolin,reduced lanolin, lanolin alcohol, hard lanolin, lanolin acetate, lanolinfatty acid isopropyl ester, polyoxyethylene lanolin alcohol ether,polyoxyethylene lanolin alcohol acetate, lanolin fatty acid polyethyleneglycol, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated lanolin alcohol ether, egg yolk oiland the like.

In another embodiment, the diluent can be a gelling agent. A gellingagent increases the viscosity of the composition, thereby limiting therate of its clearance from the site. The gelling agent can be a naturalgelling agent, a synthetic gelling agent and an inorganic gelling agent.Examples of suitable gelling agents include naturally-occurringpolymeric materials, such as locust bean gum, sodium alginate, sodiumcaseinate, egg albumin, gelatin agar, carrageenin gum, sodium alginate,xanthan gum, quince seed extract, tragacanth gum, guar gum, starch,chemically modified starches and the like, semi-synthetic polymericmaterials such as cellulose ethers (e.g. hydroxyethyl cellulose,hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose,methylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose,hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxyethylcarboxymethylcellulose,carboxymethylcellulose and carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose), guargum, hydroxypropyl guar gum, soluble starch, cationic celluloses,cationic guars, and the like, and synthetic polymeric materials, such ascarboxyvinyl polymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol,polyacrylic acid polymers, polymethacrylic acid polymers, polyvinylacetate polymers, polyvinyl chloride polymers, polyvinylidene chloridepolymers and the like, acrylic acid/ethyl acrylate copolymers and thecarboxyvinyl polymers, which consist essentially of a colloidalwater-soluble polyalkenyl polyether crosslinked polymer of acrylic acidcrosslinked with a crosslinking agent such as polyallyl sucrose orpolyallyl pentaerythritol. Examples include Carbopol® 934, Carbopol®940, Carbopol® 950, Carbopol® 980, Carbopol® 951 and Carbopol® 981.

In other embodiments, the compositions of the present invention caninclude an additional agent. Examples of additional agents includesteroidal antiinflammatory agent, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug,an immunosuppressive agent, an insect growth regulator, animmunomodulator, an immunoregulating agent, a hormonal agent, anantibiotic agent, an antifungal agent, an antiviral agent, anantiparasitic agent, a vasoactive agent, a vasoconstrictor, avasodilator, vitamin A, a vitamin A derivative, vitamin B, a vitamin Bderivative, vitamin C, a vitamin C derivative, vitamin D, a vitamin Dderivative, vitamin E, a vitamin E derivative, vitamin F, a vitamin Fderivative, vitamin K, a vitamin K derivative, a wound healing agent, adisinfectant, an anesthetic, an antiallergic agent, an alpha hydroxylacid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, a beta-hydroxy acid, a protein, apeptide, a neuropeptide, a allergen, an immunogenic substance, ahaptene, an oxidizing agent, an antioxidant, a dicarboxylic acid,azelaic acid, sebacic acid, adipic acid, fumaric acid, an insecticide,an antiproliferative agent, an anticancer agent, a photodynamic therapyagent, an anti-wrinkle agent, a radical scavenger, a metal oxide (e.g.,titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, iron oxide), siliconeoxide, an anti wrinkle agent, a skin whitening agent, a skin protectiveagent, a masking agent, an anti-wart agent, a refatting agent, alubricating agent and mixtures thereof.

In other embodiments, the insecticidal compositions of the presentinvention can include a chemical insect repellent, such asN,N,-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET).

The following examples are for the purposes of illustration only and arenot intended to be limiting of the invention.

Example 1—Pentacyclosiloxane and Aloe Vera Oil Lotion

This example describes an insecticidal composition containingpentacyclosiloxane (65% by weight) and aloe vera oil (35% by weight).

Ingredient Weight % Pentacyclosiloxane 65.0 Aloe Vera Oil 35.0

Example 2—Pentacyclosiloxane and Aloe Vera Oil Lotion with Additives

This example describes an insecticidal composition containingpentacyclosiloxane (65% by weight) and aloe vera oil (24.9% by weight).

Ingredient Weight % Pentacyclosiloxane 65.0 Aloe Vera Oil 24.9Hexyleneglycol 10.0 Vitamin E 0.1

Example 3—Pentacyclosiloxane and Aloe Vera Oil Foam

This example describes an insecticidal composition as an aerosol spraycontaining Pentacyclosiloxane (65% by weight) and aloe vera oil (24.5%by weight). The following composition is prepared by mixing the listedingredients.

Ingredient Weight % Cyclopentasiloxane 65.0 Aloe Vera Oil 24.5Propane/Butane 8.0 PEG-40 stearate 2.50

Example 4—Pentacyclosiloxane, Cedar Oil, and Mineral Oil

This example describes an insecticidal composition containingpentacyclosiloxane (70% by weight), cedar oil (10% by weight), andmineral oil (20% by weight).

Ingredient Weight % Pentacyclosiloxane 70.0 Cedar Oil 10.0 Mineral Oil20.0

Example 5—Pentacyclosiloxane, Cedar Oil, and Mineral Oil

This example describes an insecticidal composition containingpentacyclosiloxane (60% by weight), cedar oil (10% by weight), andmineral oil (30% by weight).

Ingredient Weight % Pentacyclosiloxane 60.0 Cedar Oil 10.0 Mineral Oil30.0

The teachings of all patents, published applications and referencescited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

While this invention has been particularly shown and described withreferences to example embodiments thereof, it will be understood bythose skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may bemade therein without departing from the scope of the inventionencompassed by the appended claims.

1-73. (canceled)
 74. A method of repelling an arthropod, the methodcomprising applying to a surface a composition consisting essentiallyof: at least one essential oil; a pentacyclosiloxane represented byformula (I):

and mineral oil; wherein the at least one essential oil is present inthe amount of 5% to 15% by weight of the composition, thepentacyclosiloxane is present in the amount of 55% to 95% by weight ofthe composition, and the mineral oil is present in the amount of 5% to30% by weight of the composition.
 75. The method of claim 74, whereinthe at least one essential oil is selected from a group consisting ofaloe vera oil, allspice oil, anisum oil, basil oil, cajeput oil, catnipoil, cedar oil, chrysanthemum oil, cinnamon oil, citronella oil, cloveoil, eucalyptus oil, garlic oil, geranium oil, lavender oil, marjoramoil, melaleuca oil, neem oil, pennyroyal oil, peppermint oil, pine oil,rosemary oil, sage oil, spearmint oil, thyme oil, tea-tree oil, vanillaoil, and verbena oil.
 76. The method of claim 74, wherein the at leastone essential oil is selected from the group consisting of aloe vera oiland cedar oil.
 77. The method of claim 74, wherein the at least oneessential oil is cedar oil.
 78. The method of claim 74, wherein the atleast one essential oil is present in the amount of 10% by weight of thecomposition, the pentacyclosiloxane of formula (I) is present in theamount of 70% by weight of the composition, and the mineral oil ispresent in the amount of 20% by weight of the composition.
 79. Themethod of claim 74, wherein the arthropod is selected from the groupconsisting of members of the order Isoptera, Blattodea, Pthiraptera,Ixodida, Parasitiformis, Diptera, Scutigeromorpha, Orthoptera,Dermaptera, Psocoptera, Thysanura, Aranae; members of the familyFormicidae, Pulicidae, Culicidae, Acaridae, Apidae, Vespidae,Laemophloeidae, Gelechiidae, Nitidulidae, Dermestidae, Anobiidae;members of the genus Cimex; and members of the species Armadillidumvulgare, Porcellio laevis, and Uroblaniulus jersey.
 80. The method ofclaim 74, wherein the arthropod is selected from a group consisting ofmembers of the order Isoptera and members of the genus Cimex.
 81. Themethod of claim 74, wherein the members of the genus Cimex are selectedfrom a group consisting of members of the species Cimex lectularius. 82.The method of claim 74, wherein the step of applying comprises sprayingthe composition on the surface as an aerosol.
 83. The method of claim74, wherein the step of applying comprises fogging the composition atthe surface.
 84. A repellent for repelling an arthropod, consistingessentially of: at least one essential oil; a pentacyclosiloxanerepresented by formula (I):

and mineral oil; wherein the at least one essential oil is present inthe amount of 5% to 15% by weight of the repellent, thepentacyclosiloxane is present in the amount of 55% to 95% by weight ofthe repellent, and the mineral oil is present in the amount of 5% to 30%by weight of the repellent.
 85. The repellent of claim 84, wherein theat least one essential oil is selected from a group consisting of aloevera oil, allspice oil, anisum oil, basil oil, cajeput oil, catnip oil,cedar oil, chrysanthemum oil, cinnamon oil, citronella oil, clove oil,eucalyptus oil, garlic oil, geranium oil, lavender oil, marjoram oil,melaleuca oil, neem oil, pennyroyal oil, peppermint oil, pine oil,rosemary oil, sage oil, spearmint oil, thyme oil, tea-tree oil, vanillaoil, and verbena oil.
 86. The repellent of claim 84, wherein the atleast one essential oil is cedar oil.
 87. The repellent of claim 84,wherein said repellent is in the form of an aerosol spray.
 88. Arepellent for repelling an arthropod, consisting essentially of: atleast one essential oil; a pentacyclosiloxane represented by formula(I):

and mineral oil; wherein the at least one essential oil is present inthe amount of 10% by weight of the repellent, the pentacyclosiloxane ispresent in the amount of 70% by weight of the repellent, and the mineraloil is present in the amount of 20% by weight of the repellent.
 89. Therepellent of claim 88, wherein the at least one essential oil is cedaroil.
 90. The repellent of claim 88, wherein the at least one essentialoil is selected from a group consisting of aloe vera oil, cedar oil,eucalyptus oil, geranium oil, peppermint oil, rosemary oil, spearmintoil, and thyme oil.